Attainment value
Importance of doing the task well for one's identity and self-image.
Choice, persistence, and performance · Wigfield & Eccles (2000) 
Expectancy–Value Theory
Expectancy-Value Theory explains why an individual chooses an activity, invests in it, and performs at it. Motivation is the product of two beliefs: my likelihood of succeeding (expectancy) and the subjective value I place on the task (value). If either collapses, engagement disappears. It complements Ryan & Deci's SDT by illuminating not the quality but the trigger of motivation.
Key dimensions
01
Expectancy of success
The belief that one can succeed at the task. Close to Bandura's self-efficacy.
02
Subjective task value
The perceived importance, interest, or utility of the task.
Model categories
Intrinsic value
Inherent enjoyment and interest in the task.
Utility value
Usefulness of the task for future goals (career, degree, etc.).
Perceived cost
Required effort, missed opportunities, anticipated stress. Reduces overall value.
Key takeaways
- Motivation is the product (not the sum) of expectancy and value.
- An employee can be capable but disengaged because the task holds no value for them.
- Conversely, high value without a sense of competence breeds demotivation or avoidance.
- Managers act on both levers simultaneously: self-confidence and sense of work.
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